Matera, located in the region of Basilicata in southern Italy, is a city that exudes an ancient charm and a rich historical heritage. Known as "la Città Sotterranea" or the "Underground City," Matera is famous for its unique cave dwellings, known as Sassi, which have been inhabited for thousands of years. The Sassi of Matera, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are a labyrinth of narrow streets, alleys, and houses carved into the rock. These dwellings, dating back to prehistoric times, were once considered a symbol of poverty and neglect. However, in recent years, they have undergone a remarkable transformation and have become a symbol of cultural revival and architectural beauty.
Walking through the Sassi, visitors can explore the intricate network of caves, churches, and monasteries that make up this fascinating underground city. The ancient buildings have been carefully restored, and many have been converted into unique hotels, restaurants, and shops, offering visitors a chance to experience the city's history firsthand.
Matera's historical center, known as the Civita, is perched on a hilltop overlooking the Sassi. Here, visitors can admire the stunning views of the city and the surrounding countryside. The Civita is home to Matera's main square, Piazza Vittorio Veneto, which is lined with elegant palaces and churches, showcasing the city's architectural splendor.
In addition to its historical and architectural wonders, Matera is also known for its vibrant cultural scene. The city hosts numerous festivals and events throughout the year, celebrating its rich heritage and traditions. The most famous of these is the Festa della Madonna della Bruna, a religious procession that takes place in July and attracts thousands of visitors from all over Italy.
Matera's cuisine is another highlight of the city. Traditional dishes include local specialties such as orecchiette pasta, lamb, and the famous bread known as "pane di Matera." Visitors can indulge in these delicious culinary delights at the city's many trattorias and restaurants, where the flavors of Basilicata come to life.