Holiday Inn Express Singapore Clarke Quay, an IHG Hotel

Hotel

The rooms were clean, very comfortable, and the staff was amazing. They went over and beyond to help make our stay enjoyable. I highly recommend this hotel for anyone visiting Singapore or planning of Stay-Cation… We went to the rooftop and enjoy the breathtaking view of the jacuzzi and aquarium rooftop pool, the breakfast buffet was yummy! The bed was extremely comfortable, spacious and clean, My partner enjoyed his time with the built up TV that he can hooked up his drive with his favourite Aussie Movie overall our stayed was nice, memorable and very relaxing. We highly recommend this hotel and we will re visit again as my partner avail the membership ♥️🇦🇺

Nice hotel with roof top pool and gym Great atmosphere friendly staff.

Great location and breakfast.

Great location and great hotel and friendly staff.

Great rooms and friendly stuff.

Nice place. You can relax at the ground floor or on the rooftop, whilst there you can take a dip in the pool or just chill. You can also catch up with your fitness goal in the gym. Superb service with great Wi-Fi and power points aplenty (geek paradise)!

1st time staying here and unfortunately we do not feel welcome as an IHG Platinum Elite member where there's no basic bathroom amenities (toothbrush, shaver, etc) provided and request was denied by the housekeeping staff! There's no IHG Platinum Elite benefits in this hotel. Correct me if I'm wrong please! On a hindsight, hotel looks new and room looks cosy despite tiny, and location close proximity to Clarke Quay.

Great location, great facilities and staff. I always come and stay here when I come to Singapore.

Nice place, good views, relaxing room, affordable. 😘

Very nice and relaxing room.

Very clean. Affordable… friendly staff… nice foods and facilities.

Good Accommodation
*Spacious Room
*Delicious Food.

Very Nice And Wonderful Room
Management So Good
And Good Food
Really So Good.

I stay for quarantine for 14days, thank you for a very good and nice accomodation to me,,
happy new year everyone.

The hotel rooms are clean and the service is good. It would be great if you can provide enough portions for drinks such as mineral water and coffee and tea, thank you!

Hotel staff ❤️ friendly. CLEAN and QUIET environment.

Very nice and wonderful room.
the management so good.
really so nice.

Beautiful swimming pool, nice view from the rooftop, very good housekeeping service and wonderful rooms.

Thanks for the warm hospitality during my 14 days SHN notice here! Really appreciate the quick customer service and clean room!

Great staff at check-in. Great room. Small but comfortable. Close to Clark Quay. The best place to eat. Third time here. Love it.

An excellent place for a few days. Great breakfast. Rooftop pool is amazing. Quiet rooms, not huge but comfortable. Good location to explore Singapore. Staff are very welcoming and friendly. Overall a good place to stay would definitely come again and recommend.

Nice modern hotel in a great location. Walking distance to Clarke Quay, Robertson Quay and Boat Quay and their many bars and restaurants. Also close to the bum boat river cruises. Clean and staff efficient and friendly. We had just got off a cruise ship and were rapt to get our room at 9am instead of having to wait till 2pm. Great Wi-Fi. Third visit and very happy.

A very nice hotel, staff are all friendly.

Excellent staff, fast service, great breakfast… Only drawback is in-house dining is quite limited in selection of items…

The location is great, environment is safe, very friendly staffs, good room service, great amenities. A walking distance to the China town and business district through MRTs.

Just about to check out from a stopover 2 night stay on our honeymoon, superb hotel, great staff, lovely rooms and breakfast, and ideal location, close to MTR station for attractions and airport. We, l be back.

Great place to stay. Very clean and easy walk to may places.

Very reasonable price. The best Holiday Inn Express we've ever been. Customer Service is Superb. Choice of food during breakfast is excellent. The Rooftop Infinity Pool is fantastic. The Staff are super nice with the best customer service. They made us feel like we were inside the MBS hotel. Im rating this 11 out of 10 or 6 out of 5. Good location. Close to metro and bus services. To top it up, they lend us their cell phone for free. No need to buy SIM card or Data. They provide with unlimited data. Definitely recommending this to everyone. Will book this again when we go back to Singapore.

Fantastic, clean accommodation in a great location. Would definitely stay here again and highly recommend. Thanks.

So conveniently located and great service by the staff.

A nice place to stay. Friendly and helpful staff. The hotel is very accessible and near interesting places.

Great location
Friendly helpful staff
Fabulous rooftop pool area
Clean tidy modern rooms, very comfortable beds and love the pillow menu.

The hotel is located just opposite Clarke Quay, the happening place, anybody would like to spend evening while in Singapore. The view from hotel roof top with beautifully lit pool and garden next to you is really awesome. Have been to Holiday Inn Clark Quay couple of times and this has always been my choice. Nice rooms and a great choice with a big spread when you visit their restaurant on ground floor in the morning for breakfast. Excellent service!

Wonderful location close to plenty of places to eat and drink and be merry. The rooms are small but functional. The roof top pool is a great place to relax after a long day. Staff are friendly and the breakfast is above average. The Cafe on site is good for a proper coffee if that's your thing.

Very nice place to stay. Breakfast has many options. The pool is awesome (albeit it closes early at 9). The rooms are modest and not very spacious. For one person it's nice. For two people in a standard room it could be small. The bathrooms are smaller too and only have a shower, no tub. Overall, nice place for work trips, perhaps something nicer or upgraded rooms would be better for vacations.

Absolutely beautiful room, one whole wall is a window with a great view of the city and surrounding buildings (block out curtains for privacy). Spacious bathroom with waterfall shower head and detachable hand held head. Very comfy bed, room has small bar fridge, kettle, tea, coffee, iron, hairdryer, also came with a mobile phone with unlimited data and international calls at no extra cost! Complimentary toothbrush and toothpaste which was great as we forgot ours! The buffet breakfast was fantastic with lots to choose from, hot and cold — food probably could have been kept slightly warmer, but very tasty. The rooftop pool and spa is beautiful, spa is not heated however this was probably better due to the hot climate of Singapore. Great space to relax. Friendly staff, clean, comfortable and modern rooms. Would deffinately stay here again, we were very impressed!

It was very nice hotel. Ambience was very good staffs were very friendly attitude. Breakfast was very good and tasty. Personal phone is there in each and every room. Coffee is very delicious with cream. Nice hotel and it's budget hotel.

Can you please ask your staff not to race the housekeeping carts down the aisles? I can't imagine how else they would be able to produce this horrible vibrating roar next to and above me so many times. I'm working in my hotel room and it's only noon. I am on 4th floor and I feel like 10 planes just soared over the building this morning. Otherwise location, room size, amenities, staff friendliness was all good. Would have been a 5 star if I am not still experiencing these roars this fine morning.

The room is good with an average price of this area. Quite far from MRT. The room has some toilet bug just 1-2. It doesn't bother me. Bed and pillow are comfort enough for me. Breakfast is great. Didn't expect much but turn out to be good. The most annoying thing for me is that the maids for room service start their cleaning service too early like 8:30 and since the room is not big, I can hear the noise outside so clearly that I had to wake up. If they would be able to do the job quietly, it'd be perfect. Anyway, if I have a chance, I'll come back here for sure.

Rooftop pool, mobile phone, clean and comfortable. A must!

Perfect location, helpful staff, clean facilities, deluxe shower and bedding, dream swimming-pool, room with beautiful view… I highly recommend this hotel.

Nice hotel for short stays. Rich breakfast. The rooms are a bit small and do not have a balcony. But a super rooftop pool with fitness. The staff is very nice and courteous.

Wonderful experience in SINGAPORE.

A nice place to stay on visits with good ambience. Within walkable distance to metro. Room size is surprisingly small with barely any space to walk. Only Queen size beds available in the entire Hotel, considering the small dimensions of the rooms. Buffets spreads are also typical Holiday Inn style, decent but lacks variety.

Clean rooms, friendly staff, good Indian breakfast. Location good for excursions Little China is just around the corner.
For my taste a little too light of hearing, the room doors are very thin and you can hear almost everything from the aisle, depending on which other guests are in the next rooms it is quieter and sometimes louder.
Hence also a star deduction.

Excellent hotel, staff extremely friendly and helpful. Assistant Manager Kristen an absolute gem. Breakfast very good, plenty of choice, rooms clean and fair sized, would prefer prepackaged toiletries rather than on wall which would have been used by previous guests. In good position for metro and buses, also lots within walking distance. Really cannot fault this hotel but can definitely complement it.

5 minutes from Clarke Quay train station.
Very nice Hotel with very attentive staff and comfortable rooms.
The breakfast a bit short for my taste and they don't have restaurant as such (they offer something to eat in the cafeteria). But I think this is normal in Express hotels.
I recommend it.

It’s a beautiful Hotel. The Staff are so friendly especially the breakfast room staff. Keep up the good work and the Great service. I’ll recommend Holiday Inn Express to our family and friends.

Although room is small, but everything will be prepared what you need and high ceiling design will be no feeling of pressure. Room keeps clean and neat. The hotel position is close to Clarke quay about 7mins by foot and you are able to hang out at night. One of the pity things is you don't have many choices in breakfast.

This is a great hotel. The staff are very pleasant and accommodating, the free breakfast is acceptable for the lack of charge, location is superb. Walking distance to most of the top spots and walking distance to the subway line for longer trips. Rooms are fantastic with potentially wonderful views, comfortable sheets, and a stellar shower. Highly recommend this hotel and plan to stay here for future trips.

Very friendly staff, very clean rooms, good breakfast but unfortunately not as extensive as in other Holiday Inn hotels such as In Bangkok.

Great location, very close to Clarke Quay, but not at the center of its loudness. Excellent budget hotel, room is small but with everything you need — tea and coffee making, iron and ironing board, safe, a free 4g enabled phone that carries a taxi hauling app and discounts on tickets around Singapore. A small gym and a nice pool on the roof! And you can enjoy the view at night. Breakfast is complimentary to all guests and they have a good selection of breakfast items, cold or warm, western or Asian. Staffs were nice and efficient!

Cleanliness leaves something to be desired. There's no way to smoke in a beer. You have to put velvet glass outside the street.

Excellent budget hotel, room is fairly small but with everything you need, iron and ironing board, safe, a free 4g enabled phone which offers discounts on tickets around the city and also acts a a city guide, definitely use it. There's a small gym and fairly large pool on the roof which gives you great views. Complimentary breakfast which caters for all needs, full English, a large selection of cold meats, cereal, pastries, fresh fruit and fruit juices. Also tea and coffee. If I come back to Singapore I'll be booking this place. Staff were superb and nothing was ever too much trouble, brilliant.

Pool on the lovely terrace, full breakfast and close to entertainment venues.

Nice place to spend your pleasure time. Clarke is at walkable distance and enjoyment unlimited. Rooms are compact and good. Breakfast is okay with less variety can't expect more. All times taxi available and hotel give a mobile to be connected to internet and local calling free, which is very supportive so we could book our own cabs in and out.

Excellent quality. Price. Excellent location. Good breakfast. Beautiful Pool.

This hotel is popular! Very well fitted out. Our room on 3rd floor was small but cleverly designed with quality fittings. Very helpful and friendly staff! Centrally located.

Everything in this hotel is good, but if you want to see a lot, it is better to take closer to the subway. This hotel is a bit far from the metro and the branch is not very comfortable. If only to visit Sentosa.

Very clean rooms, you can not complain. At the reception, everyone was very friendly and accommodating. Practically cwsr in any case also the printer, which was free for the first 10 pages. The rooftop pool is perfect for relaxing, sun loungers and parasols are also on site. All in all, just great.

From the subway station with Chinatown, is not very close to walking 10 minutes or more families with children will be a little tired from the Clarke Quay boat with Jumbo seafood riverside restaurant very close to the room service staff'll help with booking Airport Shuttle Breakfast in the restaurant arrangements comfortable eat very enjoy.

I loved this hotel, had all the amenities I needed, good breakfast buffet, with a mix of western and local items. I loved trying the different local items that were available. There was a nice outdoor space with incredibly high ceilings and these huge fans, which I assumed were for the warmer months, but I went in December and the weather was perfect. It was near the street, but there were partitions to block off sound, but I would get there early to avoid the rush and there didn't seem to be much traffic at all so It was very quiet and nice with a cool breeze coming through. My girlfriend and I got a laugh at the vending machine with noodles and other meals. I assumed you just added hot water from the hot pot in your room, but did not try it. Everyone was nice and friendly and we had a great experience.

Our experience at holiday inn express was very pleasant. However we were not informed about the early check in charge, but our room was upgraded as a result. The location is close to sentosa island where many of Singapore's greatest attractions. Breakfast was wonderful, there was everything you could want for breakfast, including BACON! The staff was friendly and always greeted us with a smile and fluently spoke english. The hotel itself was architecturally modern/chic and the pool isn't to be missed! Overall, enjoyable experience! Highly recommend!

Hotel is located in a strategic position. Everything works. Excellent and varied breakfast. The only observation : the well-appointed rooms can be rather dark and above all fairly spacious.

Functional, central and good breakfast.

Really nice place to stay. Rooms small but adequate. Fabulous staff, so helpful. Nice pool, good Internet and delightful comp breakfast.
In Singapore, this is a winner…

It would be difficult to find a better value hotel in Singapore. Rooms are very modern and very clean. The bed is super comfortable and multiple pillows in both firm and soft (the most comfortable I have experienced in a hotel). Housekeeping is extremely efficient. It is very warm in Singapore at the moment and housekeeping left me 6 x 500ml complementary bottles of water yesterday! Some hotels charge $6 a bottle. Breakfast is included and is very hearty with Asian and western selections. Great coffee, tea and hot chocolate. Last but not the least are the very friendly and warm staff always smiling and greeting guests in a very welcoming manner. I would not hesitate to stay again.

We loved it here! The staff were so friendly! It was a short walk to Clarke's Quay and Chinatown. The rooftop pool was great after a big day out. We would return.

Excellent location. Located at a walking distance from Circular Quay so there are ample options for food. Rooms are small but comfortable Level of cleanliness was excellent The staff and service are both very good. Breakfast spread is decent. All in all a great option for business travellers.

Very good location, excellent facilities, great pool — especially in the evening with great views, very good breakfast from 6:00 in the morning. Happy to be back!

Nice Hotel. Great location. So? What's the problem? The rooms using a centralized vent which never switches off, very noisy, no sleep! Means the hotel missed its point!

Good hotel to stay and spend time in Singapore… right at the centre of city. Happening place… next to central mall… walkable distance to China town… if you want to try Indian food… go to annalakshmi which is very near to this hotel… eat anything you want and pay what ever you like to.

The location is stunning with superb views over the skyline to Clarke Quay and the Riverside. Service is excellent and staff have gone out of their way to cater for gluten free breakfast. Free Wi-Fi throughout the hotel. Well served with taxis. There's a nice cafe on the ground floor which offers good coffee. My only criticism is the thin walls; I could hear my next door neighbour snoring all night!

Holiday Inn Express a great place to stay in Singapore. Good breakfast, great location and we where well looked after in fact we arrived early so couldn't book in they offered us a free breakfast to keep us going then booked in about 11am. Would recommend this hotel to anyone going to Singapore. We will be back.

Great middle class hotel, breakfast was good enought with nice fresh food. Rooms size as expected for price they just big enough. Nice new looking pkaces with nice bathroom. BEST THING EVER is each room has a free android phone with free calls and free data, it has its own adverts on it for local places with discounts etc. But was well used for Google and maps etc. This gives it the extra star rating.

New and nice hotel. Rooms are small, but offer all amenities. Breakfast included. Great location. Good value for money.

We stayed here for four days and it was a very beautiful experience. Loved the perfect maintennance. Breakfast was superb. The lobby where food was served was beautiful and all steward ladies were all in smiles and helpful. I liked Kim a lot.

Very friendly staff. Room is beautiful. Floor-deep windows. Very elegant. The view from the rooftop pool is breathtaking.

Room was great, not so big but with very high ceiling so I never felt cramped, the bathroom is spotless clean and functional. Rooftop Swimming pool is a great perk. The breakfast was the only downside to it, nothing special about it and the food was not very tasty, so freshly made fruit juice, coffee from an automatic dispenser. Could be improved.

Nice hotel for Single Visitor. Rooms are clean and loaded with most of the required amenities. Most amazing thing about this hotel is free android phone you can call 11 countries and there is no limit. You can stay here with family as well but please make a note that rooms are very small. So, if you are coming here for more than a week long vacation better to avoid this hotel. Remember this is a budget hotel. So, you get what you paid for.

We stayed for a 2 nights staycation. I say rooftop pool is a plus with a big nice smell towel that can use; breakfast is good for those who are not fuzzy and used of singapore food. However its clean, can not say its free from getting bacteria as ive noticed one of the serving crew after dropping his little towel on the floor he still used it to wipe the buttom of the pastries. Room is quite small but looks fresh. May suggest if towels are on the floor need replenish if not dont. It save energy and money. Staff are polite and have a service quality on them when the room they gave us is not yet well prepared. Nothing to complain I still recommend it to friends. My nephews will love the pool and jucuzzi.

The value for money is very good! Clean. Rooftop pool with view!

Great stay overall. Pool on the roof top is great and the rooms are tidy and we equipped. Ordered a shuttle to the airport through the concierge, which wasn't put through but luckily I double checked whilst there was still time to have one sorted. Apart from that, a great stay.

Friendly helpful and efficient staff. Well equipped bedrooms with hairdryer and safe. Good quality breakfast with a more generous buffet than most Holiday Inn Express hotels. Taxis generally available immediately outside and easy walking distance to Clarke Quay.

Good location, nice and modern rooms and especially a gigantic infinity pool on the roof. The hotel is really great. Sorry the breakfast could offer a slightly better selection.

Simple but good and quite new. From breakfast not all too much expect.

This is an extremely deluxe Holiday Inn Express. I would guess it's the nicest hotel of this chain in the world. The breakfast buffet was excellent. They have an excellent selection of many different cuisines. The pool and workout room are very nice, both with great views on the roof. It's in a somewhat quiet part of town, but there are nice bars and restaurants nearby. I definitely recommend it.

Modern hotel, reception fast and friendly. Rooms are spacious with flat TV and mobile phone with free phone calls and mobile Internet for on the go. There is no real wardrobe. Safe is available, in addition there are 2 bottles of water every day. Breakfast is free, not very varied, but enough to start the day. The highlight is the rooftop pool: towels are free to take out, there is a locker room and showers. It was convenient to use the pool and showers on the day of departure, as our flight was only late in the evening.
The location of the hotel is good, close to Chinatown, 2 MRT stations 10min walking distance. We will definitely book again!

The room was clean & fresh, a mobile phone was supplied in my room with free unlimited international & local calls & you are allowed to take the phone out of the room & use unlimited mobile internet & also use it as a city guide. The buffet breakfast is well set up with tables inside & outside for small or large groups. The pool on the rooftop was clean, the gardens in & around the building are all well maintained. The staff are extremely helpful and keen to assist. This place was an real nice holiday experience.

Amazing hotel. They have everything you might need (including a smartphone with free data! ). Well located next to Quarter Clay and very good priced. Rooms are not very big, but they are beautifully designed and very comfy.

Staffs were sincere and helpful. If you forgot to send out your postcard, reception can do that for you for just SGD1 each. Like the handy phone very much, great tool for travelers. About 5 minutes walk from underground station.

Most tourist attractions two places are most famous in Singapore, Universal studios and this is one it. Well organised by the authorities staff is most anthusiatic and very well behaved. Any one love this place.

Service was great. We have stayed before and will again. Unfortunately no free parking. They have a great trooftop pool and good breakfasts. We had an issue with the TV that was a problem from Singtels end. They offered us a free beer to compensate for the trouble. Nice clean room. Good value for money and very convenient location. Just 2 minutes walk to Clarke Quay.

Great place. Quite fancy but not too upscale. Got a pool and a nice area for eating breakfast and having small meetings. Would definitely go here again for my next business trip to Singapore.

Great location close to shops, restaurants etc. Rooms are very small and as we had just arrived from O'seas with 2 large suitcases it made it a bit more cramped. Bathroom nice Beds very comfy … may be a good idea to request twin beds as bed is a double not queen. Rooms a little noisy but ok once traffic settles. Rooftop pool is lovely and they have a gym and also a self service laundry ($8 AUD per load) Overall good value for money if you just need a bed and a shower and want to be close to everything.

A typical express hotel. But, very small rooms compared to other holiday inn hotels. The front desk is not that welcoming even for IHG members. Need to pay for couple of hours early check-in. The view from room is boring. Has a big breakfast counter so no one can miss a breakfast which is a best part of this hotel. But the breakfast options are limited. Mostly cold food.

One of the newer hotels in Singapore, very clean and unique looking from the outside-in. Great place for a short stay to visit around Singapore and a great breakfast selection in the morning for free. The rooms are a bit small but definitely worth the stay.

Very comfortable place and nicely located. It has open roof where you can enjoy great views on the city. The roof also has a pool and bar.

Here we have spent 4 nights. While we liked hotel very well. As for the price (for Singapore), we would have expected so a chic hotel in these facilities. Since we have stayed for more worse.
The rooms were well equipped, the bed comfortable. Everything was clean, except for some dust under the bed time. Contributes a lot to a good atmosphere of the courtyard and the rooftop pool has something. Even the breakfast, included in the room price, was varied and good. Only the coffee could be slightly better, we have discovered the cappuccino machine on the last day.
We would resume the Holiday Inn Express at Clarke Quay in any case. It is good to 2 MRT stations in Yes 650 metres distance, the third is around the corner in the building, Chinatown is within walking distance.

An excellent place to stay, ticking plenty of boxes including modern rooms with a huge TV, free hot breakfast and coffee, overly helpful reception staff, and a wonderful location. Literally a 5 minute walk to the riverfront and Clarke Quay, with all its restaurants and activity. The hot breakfast were great — always plenty of food, lots of variety — you'd easily pay $40 for this in many other hotels. Great value too! I can't rate this hotel high enough.

Very good hotel for that price. There are among others a roof terrace, a swimming pool, gym and free breakfast buffet. There are also Wi-Fi and two InternetPlätze.
The location is near a subway station (approx. 5-10m on foot).
Tip: a fair price where you can buy cheap food is there in China point (shopping centre next to the subway station).

Great location — a short walk from Clarke Quay outdoor restaurants which are fantastic. Killer 50m lap pool on the roof, with 2 hot tubs and a workout room as well. Rooms kind of small, but clean and good Wi-Fi.

Wonderful hotel. Very close to the bars and restaurants at Clarke Quay. Great (free) breakfast.

Just amazing hotel, very courteous staff, location is just amazing right in clarke quey opposite to river front.

Very good Hotel. Everything was fine.

This hotel is highly recommended. Peaceful, quiet, spacious lobby. The check-in process was efficient, friendly and helpful. Room was a little small, I agree, but hey this is Singapore! The rooftop pool is a great place to chill out after a long hot day. It's really well done. We thoroughly enjoyed our all too short stay of two days here. Garry & Denise Gray New Zealand. PS For fellow antipodeans, there is even a meat pie restaurant, across Havelock Street in the NE corner of the Jalan Kukoh Food centre, I think it is. Hidden behind one of the bars.

Very good excellent breakfast very varied staff super.

Rooms are compact but well thought out. You're not going to have room to swing the cat you've no doubt got stashed in your suitcase but unlike other small hotel rooms you don't really feel like you're squashed in or missing out on the basics. Except for the ironing board and iron that I couldn't find. It's great for short stays, look elsewhere if you're staying long term or need your space. The location is fantastic. Next to the river and Clarke Quay. Breakfast was adequate, nothing amazing but enough to start your day with.

Great location close to everything. Perfect to discover Singapore. The rooms are nice, albeit small. The only weak point, it is very noisy at night.

Free Internet, free breakfast, nice rooftop pool and jacuzzi, only thing is small rooms but very new and well kept. Walking distance from Clarke Quay, perfect for going out.

Location is convenient and Breakfast is very good.

Great location, and great service.

Love this hotel. The pool has amazing views at night. Very clean and new looking.

Zaheer Khan KARACHI PAKISTAN Check in Oct 26, Check out Nov 02, 2014. We were on Company Business Trip Holiday Inn Express is place like home. The is located at central location of Singapore. China Town, Clark Quay, MRT stations are at walking distance. You can also go to Orchard, Dhoby Ghat, Istana Park by walk. Marina Sand Bay is also located at walking distance. Room Service and Breakfast were execellent. Our room 0770 was located at corner and little bit noise came late night. Muslim shower is available in baths which is a great advantage. Masjid Omer is located at very near by distance about 300 meter. We were new member of IHG there fore they extend our check out time till 1400 hrs. I ll strongly recommend others to book and stay at HIE CQ. I ll surely stay here if again to Singapore. I am thankful to HIE management and staff. Staff were really very cooperative. Mineral water and room tea was provided free of cost.

Beautiful hotel and great staff.

Good location to riverside and clean, new room.

New and clean, good sized rooms for Singapore standard.